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Civil inattention is the process whereby strangers who are in close proximity demonstrate that they are aware of one another, without imposing on each other – a recognition of the claims of others to a public space, and of their own personal boundaries.〔Joanne Finkelstein, ''The Art of Self-Invention'' (2007) p. 109〕 Jared Diamond has emphasised how recent an acquisition such civil inattention is, by contrast to the small-scale societies of the majority of human history where every stranger represent a threat to be dealt with.〔Jared Diamond, ''The World Until Yesterday'' (Penguin 2013) p. 1-2 and p. 49-51〕 ==In practice== Civil inattention is the term introduced by Erving Goffman to describe the care taken to maintain public order among strangers and thus to make anonymised life in cities possible.〔Erving Goffman, ''Relations in Public'' (Penguin 1972) p. 385〕 Rather than either ignoring or staring at others, civil inattention involves the unobtrusive and peaceful scanning of others so as to allow for neutral interaction.〔Elaine Baldwin, ''Introducing Cultural Studies'' (2004) p. 396 and 276〕 Through brief eye contact with an approaching stranger, we both acknowledge their presence and foreclose the possibility of more personal contact or of conversation.〔(W.M. Mellinger, "Doing Modernity Through Civil Inattention" )〕 Civil inattention is thus a means of making privacy possible within a crowd through culturally accepted forms of self-distancing.〔Joanne Finkelstein, ''The Art of Self-Invention'' (2007) p. 109〕 Seemingly (though not in reality) effortless,〔Erving Goffman, ''Relations in Public'' (Penguin 1972) p. 385〕 such civility is a way of shielding others from personal claims in public〔Richard Sennett, ''The Fall of Public Man'' (1976) p. 264〕 – an essential feature of the abstract, impersonal relationships demanded by the open society.〔Karl Popper, ''The Open Society and its Enemies Vol 1'' (1995) p. 174-6〕 Taking photographs in public can be a often a violation of civil inattention. For example, street photographers doing candid photography, social documentary photographers taking close-up pictures of strangers to record people's history, or editorial photographers recording a piece of clothing or outfit worn by an individual may breach norms of politeness and personal boundaries. Additionally, photojournalists may take pictures of a location (and the people in it) for a news story. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「civil inattention」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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